Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and Its Agonists in Bovine Reproduction II: Diverse Applications during Insemination, Post-Insemination, Pregnancy, and Postpartum Periods.

Simple Summary: Simple Summary: This review underscores the positive impact of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its agonists across several physiological stages, including estrous synchronization, post-insemination, pregnancy, and the postpartum period. It focuses on their role in overcoming reproductive dysfunctions such as repeat breeder cows, early embryonic loss, and cystic ovarian syndrome. The review also highlights their influence on enhancing the productivity of embryo transfer programs. Additionally, it introduces the emerging field of nano-drug delivery systems for GnRH agonists, highlighting potential benefits. The review aims to improve reproductive efficiency and health management in dairy cattle by emphasizing the critical need for further research and development. The administration of GnRH and its agonists benefits various aspects of bovine reproductive programs, encompassing physiological stages such as estrous synchronization, post-insemination, pregnancy, and the postpartum period. The positive impact of GnRH administration in overcoming challenges like repeat breeder cows, early embryonic loss prevention, and the management of cystic ovarian disease (COD) is thoroughly surveyed. Furthermore, this review focuses on the significance of GnRH administration during the postpartum period, its role in ovulation induction, and how it enhances the productivity of embryo transfer (ET) programs. An emerging feature of this field is introduced, focusing on nano-drug delivery systems for GnRH agonists, and the potential benefits that may arise from such advancements are highlighted. While this review offers valuable insights into various applications of GnRH in bovine reproduction, it emphasizes the crucial need for further research and development in this field to advance reproductive efficiency and health management in dairy cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]