Metagenomic profiling of antibiotic resistance genes/bacteria removal in urban water: Algal-bacterial consortium treatment system.

[Display omitted] • The relative abundance of potential ARGs hosts decreased in algal-bacterial system. • New algal-bacterial relationship formed between C. vulgaris and in-situ bacteria. • The effect size of ARGs removal will be affected by algicidal bacteria and the MGEs. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have exhibited significant ecological concerns, especially in the urban water that are closely associated with human health. In this study, with presence of exogenous Chlorella vulgaris - Bacillus licheniformis consortium, most of the typical ARGs and MGEs were removed. Furthermore, the relative abundance of potential ARGs hosts has generally decreased by 1–4 orders of magnitude, revealing the role of algal-bacterial consortium in cutting the spread of ARGs in urban water. While some of ARGs such as macB increased, which may be due to the negative impact of algicidal bacteria and algal viruses in urban water on exogenous C. vulgaris and the suppression of exogenous B. licheniformis by indigenous microorganisms. A new algal-bacterial interaction might form between C. vulgaris and indigenous microorganisms. The interplay between C. vulgaris and bacteria has a significant impact on the fate of ARGs removal in urban water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]