Electrochemical biosensing interfaced with cell-free synthetic biology.

Synthetic biology's multiscale approaches to biosensing facilitate biological detection across diverse environments, leading to the development of advanced bio/electronic devices that convert biological events into electrical signals. Electrochemical biosensors are particularly promising due to their cost-effectiveness, ease of fabrication, and potential for miniaturization. Cell-free synthetic biology (CFSB) utilizes cell-free biological components to engineer and mimic the behavior, functions, and characteristics of cell systems, providing versatile approaches to bioengineering beyond cellular contexts. Engineering electrode surface with the principles of CFSB systems may represent a cutting-edge research direction for electrochemical biosensing, potentially solving bioanalytical issues of selectivity, sensitivity, and biocompatibility. This review highlights the latest trends in creating biosensing electrodes with CFSB components, as categorized by transcriptional, translational, and novel CFSB types. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the benefits and challenges of engineering CFSB components on electrode surfaces, aiming to inspire the future integration of CFSB technologies into electrochemical biosensing research. • Description of the role of cell-free synthetic biology (CFBS) system for bioelectronic surface engineering. • Categorizing and discussing advantages and challenges the CFSB systems for the development of electrochemical biosensors. • Providing new insights on biomolecular engineering of electrode surface for enhanced bioanalytical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]