Illustration of thermal buoyancy on the flow of MHD Casson CNT–water nanofluids over a vertical stretching surface.

This study addresses the applications of non-uniform heat source/sink and viscous dissipation in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Casson nanoparticles toward a porous stretchable sheet. The free convective flow for the inclusion of thermal buoyancy along with dissipative heat encourages the flow phenomena. The governing equations of the flow model are presented in terms of partial differential equations and then transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. These systems of equations are solved numerically by using the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method with a very efficient shooting technique. The effects of various parameters such as the Casson parameter, elastic parameter, porosity parameter, Prandtl number, non-uniform heat source/sink constant, Eckert number, skin fraction and Nusselt number on the flow area are computed and represented graphically. The present results reflect that the velocity of nanoparticles declined effectively with the porosity parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction. The temperature profile is increased with the elastic parameter and heat source parameter while decreasing with the Eckert number and Casson fluid parameter. Moreover, it is observed that when the Hartmann number is maximum, a retardation in wall shear force against nanoparticles volume fraction is marked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]