The recent progress on nanomaterial-based chemosensors for diagnosis of human exhaled breath: a review.

For accurate patient identification and treatment, early-stage disease diagnosis is particularly important. However, a lack of patient compliance with the current diagnostic techniques prevents prompt diagnosis, making the creation of noninvasive diagnostic tools essential. Breath analysis, one of the most promising noninvasive diagnostic techniques that has also attracted a lot of research interest recently, finds gas analytes like exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and inorganic gases that are thought to be significant biomarkers for a variety of disease types. The common technique for the detection of biomarkers in breath involves spectrometric-based measurements. Despite their precision and accuracy to detect a low concentration of exhaled breath, these techniques have some disadvantages such as lack of portability, being expensive, high power demand, and requiring trained staff to operate them. Consequently, recent interest in nanotechnology has accelerated the development of new chemosensors, sensing techniques, and enhanced the performance and sensitivity of existing chemosensors in the rapidly evolving field of biosensing. Chemosensors made with nanotechnology can identify diseases and monitor treatment outcomes. This review paper aims to present a current overview of the major chemosensor categories investigated for applications in disease diagnosis via the detection of exhaled gas analytes and to emphasize the significance of nanomaterials. Various nanomaterial-based chemosensors, prepared with several metal and metal oxide nanoparticles for detections of different types of volatile organic compound biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]