Global <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence, recrudescence, and re-infection status after successful eradication in pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Little information is available regarding global <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence, recrudescence, and re-infection in pediatric patients after successful eradication, nor are their influencing factors clear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine global <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence status and its influencing factors in children and adolescents to improve infection management and disease prevention.Published studies on <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence in children and adolescents were collected from major public databases until January 2023. <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrences were determined using randomized-effect and fixed-effect models. Stratified analysis was performed based on various regions, countries, publication time, human development indexes (HDIs), and ages.A total of 3310 relevant articles were screened, and 30 articles (1915 participants) were finally enrolled for analysis. The overall <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence rate was 19%, and the annual recurrence rate was 13%. In stratified analysis, <italic>H. pylori</italic> annual recurrence rate in Asian children was higher than that in Europe (17% vs. 6%) and higher in developing countries than in developed countries (18% vs. 5%). In children aged ≤ 5 years, ≤ 10 years, and 11–18 years, the <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence rates were 30%, 14%, and 8%, respectively. <italic>H. pylori</italic> recrudescence and re-infection rates were 6% and 10%, respectively, and its recurrence was inversely correlated with HDI.These results provide insights into global <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence, annual recurrence, recrudescence, and re-infection status in pediatric population. The stratified analysis revealed the pattern and seriousness of infection, which requires further efforts to improve patient care. Methods: Little information is available regarding global <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence, recrudescence, and re-infection in pediatric patients after successful eradication, nor are their influencing factors clear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine global <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence status and its influencing factors in children and adolescents to improve infection management and disease prevention.Published studies on <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence in children and adolescents were collected from major public databases until January 2023. <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrences were determined using randomized-effect and fixed-effect models. Stratified analysis was performed based on various regions, countries, publication time, human development indexes (HDIs), and ages.A total of 3310 relevant articles were screened, and 30 articles (1915 participants) were finally enrolled for analysis. The overall <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence rate was 19%, and the annual recurrence rate was 13%. In stratified analysis, <italic>H. pylori</italic> annual recurrence rate in Asian children was higher than that in Europe (17% vs. 6%) and higher in developing countries than in developed countries (18% vs. 5%). In children aged ≤ 5 years, ≤ 10 years, and 11–18 years, the <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence rates were 30%, 14%, and 8%, respectively. <italic>H. pylori</italic> recrudescence and re-infection rates were 6% and 10%, respectively, and its recurrence was inversely correlated with HDI.These results provide insights into global <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence, annual recurrence, recrudescence, and re-infection status in pediatric population. The stratified analysis revealed the pattern and seriousness of infection, which requires further efforts to improve patient care. Results: Little information is available regarding global <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence, recrudescence, and re-infection in pediatric patients after successful eradication, nor are their influencing factors clear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine global <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence status and its influencing factors in children and adolescents to improve infection management and disease prevention.Published studies on <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence in children and adolescents were collected from major public databases until January 2023. <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrences were determined using randomized-effect and fixed-effect models. Stratified analysis was performed based on various regions, countries, publication time, human development indexes (HDIs), and ages.A total of 3310 relevant articles were screened, and 30 articles (1915 participants) were finally enrolled for analysis. The overall <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence rate was 19%, and the annual recurrence rate was 13%. In stratified analysis, <italic>H. pylori</italic> annual recurrence rate in Asian children was higher than that in Europe (17% vs. 6%) and higher in developing countries than in developed countries (18% vs. 5%). In children aged ≤ 5 years, ≤ 10 years, and 11–18 years, the <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence rates were 30%, 14%, and 8%, respectively. <italic>H. pylori</italic> recrudescence and re-infection rates were 6% and 10%, respectively, and its recurrence was inversely correlated with HDI.These results provide insights into global <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence, annual recurrence, recrudescence, and re-infection status in pediatric population. The stratified analysis revealed the pattern and seriousness of infection, which requires further efforts to improve patient care. Conclusions: Little information is available regarding global <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence, recrudescence, and re-infection in pediatric patients after successful eradication, nor are their influencing factors clear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine global <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence status and its influencing factors in children and adolescents to improve infection management and disease prevention.Published studies on <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence in children and adolescents were collected from major public databases until January 2023. <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrences were determined using randomized-effect and fixed-effect models. Stratified analysis was performed based on various regions, countries, publication time, human development indexes (HDIs), and ages.A total of 3310 relevant articles were screened, and 30 articles (1915 participants) were finally enrolled for analysis. The overall <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence rate was 19%, and the annual recurrence rate was 13%. In stratified analysis, <italic>H. pylori</italic> annual recurrence rate in Asian children was higher than that in Europe (17% vs. 6%) and higher in developing countries than in developed countries (18% vs. 5%). In children aged ≤ 5 years, ≤ 10 years, and 11–18 years, the <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence rates were 30%, 14%, and 8%, respectively. <italic>H. pylori</italic> recrudescence and re-infection rates were 6% and 10%, respectively, and its recurrence was inversely correlated with HDI.These results provide insights into global <italic>H. pylori</italic> recurrence, annual recurrence, recrudescence, and re-infection status in pediatric population. The stratified analysis revealed the pattern and seriousness of infection, which requires further efforts to improve patient care.  [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]