Role of Phosphodiesterases in Biology and Pathology 2.0.

This document is an editorial from the International Journal of Molecular Sciences titled "Role of Phosphodiesterases in Biology and Pathology 2.0." It discusses the role of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP second messengers in cells. PDEs are involved in various physiological and pathological conditions, and their inhibitors have been used in the treatment of impotence and chronic pulmonary diseases. The special issue of the journal includes contributions that provide new insights into the role of PDEs in different conditions such as spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, skeletal muscle function, cardiac contractility, portal hypertension, liver cirrhosis, and cancer. The articles aim to encourage further research on PDE complexes and the development of new inhibitors for specific delivery and reduced side effects. [Extracted from the article]