The effectiveness of applying flipped classroom learning models to improve cognitive understanding of AKM students' redox material and improve critical thinking.

Since the Covid-19 pandemic, online learning has been implemented to change offline learning. This activity can affect the cognitive ability of students on material learning if the learning process is not carried out optimally by both students and teachers. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom learning model on the cognitive abilities of high school students in the redox material of grade 10 SMA Negeri 1 Lawang. This type of research is in the form of experiments. Experiential classes use the Flipped Classroom learning model, while the expository learning model is used in the control class. To find out the influence of the learning model, pretest and posttest tests are carried out on students. The test results were then tested using the Paired t-test on SPSS 25 for Windows. The test results of this study are: The effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom learning model as an improvement in students' cognitive abilities is better than the expository learning model, and the effect size of the Flipped Classroom learning model has a low category with a value of 0.425. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]