The development of problem based learning (PBL) electronic module on human digestive system materials to improve critical thinking skills and cognitive learning outcomes.

In the 21st century, students need competence in biology learning, including the ability to think critically and think at a higher level. This research and development aim to compile and produce PBL-based electronic modules which are considered valid and practical. The electronic module is expected to be able to improve the ability of XI-grade students to think critically and think at higher levels. The development of this electronic module is based on the teaching materials used by students at the Malang National High School, which are still inadequate; besides, the learning activities contained in the teaching materials are less able to improve students' cognitive learning outcomes and train students to think critically. The model implemented in this research and development was the ADDIE model. The subjects of this research were material experts, media experts, learning device experts, field practitioners, and XI-grade students. Moreover, validation results from material experts, media experts, and field practitioners are 100%, 99%, and 99%. The results of the validation of the syllabus, lesson plans, pre-test and post-test, as well as questions about evaluating students' cognitive learning outcomes, which are validated by learning device experts, are 95%, 93%, 89%, and 89%. Electronic modules and learning devices which have been validated are very valid for use in learning activities. In addition, the results of the percentage of trials for students with several stages, one trial, small group trial and field trial, are 92%, 94%, and 88%; it is considered very practical to use. Thus, based on the results of this research and development, the electronic module developed is valid and practical for use in biology learning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]