Research on the economic agents' green co-evolution of China: Framework, model, and application.

Based on the idea of green coordinated development and green co-evolution, the system of green co-evolution composed of government, financial institutions, enterprises, and the public is constructed, using Functional Data Analysis combined with CRITIC weighting, Dagum Gini coefficient and Kernel density estimation to measure the green co-evolution level (GCEL) and the regional disparity based on data of 31 provinces and 992 enterprises from 2010 to 2021, it finds: (1) At the turning point of 2015, the GCEL has been from declining to rising, and the poor performance of enterprises and the public is main factors. (2) The GCEL of regions shows a distinct non-balanced development trend, with the middle- and low-level provinces accounting for the largest proportion. Moreover, the rising of Gini coefficient means that provincial synergy is weaker. (3) Since 2012, the disparity between eight comprehensive economic zones has increased, mainly due to the polarization of the performance of the main players, such as the rising gap in the allocation of government and financial resources. Regional differences have always been dominant, with the largest disparity between Northwest China and the three coastal economic zones. (4) The total distribution tends to converge to lower level, but has no significant convergence. From the perspective of green co-evolution, this paper measures the green co-evolution level, temporal and spatial evolution, and regional disparities, providing a reference for promoting regional green coordination and sustainable development. • A system of green co-evolution composed of government, financial institutions, enterprises, and the public was constructed. • Using Functional Data Analysis combined with CRITIC weighting, the dynamic green co-evolution level (GCEL) was captured. • The overall GCEL shift from decline to rise is mainly due to the poor performance of enterprises and the public. • Due to the widening gap in government and financial resource, regional disparites have intensified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]