Evaluation of appropriateness of blood transfusions in healthcare: An insight into optimal practices.

Background: Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure essential for saving lives. However, the inappropriate use of blood transfusions poses risks to patients and strains healthcare resources. Recognizing the need for optimal blood utilization, this study evaluates the appropriateness of blood transfusions in a healthcare setting, emphasizing the need for implementation of stringent guidelines and judicious use of this scarce resource. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, observational retrospective study was conducted at a Blood Bank attached to a Teaching Hospital & Medical College, lacking a Blood Components Separation facility. The study analyzed 375 whole blood units transfused from January 1 to December 31, 2010, to assess the appropriateness of blood usage across various departments. The criteria for transfusion appropriateness were based on pre-established clinical guidelines, focusing on indications such as acute blood loss leading to hypovolemia and exchange transfusion in children. Results: Out of 375 whole blood units transfused, 144 (45.56%) were deemed appropriate, 162 (47.94%) avoidable, and 69 (6.49%) indeterminate. The study highlighted a significant portion of transfusions that could be classified as avoidable, with the highest appropriateness observed in the Department of Pediatrics (83.01%) and the lowest in the Department of Medicine (17.24%). The findings underscore the need for improved clinical practices and the potential benefits of blood components over whole blood transfusions. Conclusion: The study reveals a considerable case of avoidable blood transfusions, suggesting an urgent need for enhanced transfusion practices, adherence to clinical guidelines, and the establishment of a Hospital Transfusion Committee (HTC). Implementing a Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule (MSBOS) and promoting the use of blood components could significantly improve the rational use of blood in healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]