Photothermal-synergistic peroxymonosulfate activation promoting carbamazepine degradation by Porphyra-derived porous biochar composites: Performance, mechanism, transformation pathway and practical application.

[Display omitted] • A biochar composite (ZnS/NBC) was successfully synthesized by one-step pyrolysis of the mixture of Porphyra and ZnCl 2. • ZnS/NBC 10 held high specific surface area, highly graphitized structure and strong photothermal conversion ability. • ZnS/NBC 10 /PMS/light system showed high degradation rate and nearly complete mineralization of CBZ. • The dominant role of 1O 2 , the SO 4 −, OH and electron transfer assist jointly enhanced the degradation of CBZ. • CBZ degradation pathway was proposed based on Fukui index calculations and LC-MS results. Heterogeneous catalysis with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation has received increasing attention in recalcitrant contaminants treatment, but multidimensional coupling via engineered biochar materials and photothermal synergy is still rare. Herein, we reported photothermal-synergistic PMS activation by Porphyra -derived porous biochar composites (ZnS/NBC) for carbamazepine (CBZ) degradation. Benefitting from the high specific surface area, highly graphitic structure and strong light-to-heat conversion ability, ZnS/NBC 10 /PMS/light system showed enhanced degradation performance and nearly complete mineralization of CBZ. Meanwhile, this system maintained high degradation efficiency in real water bodies and natural sunlight condition, respectively. Mechanism analysis confirmed that the predominant role of 1O 2 and the auxiliary involvement of SO 4 −, OH and electron transfer jointly contributed to the CBZ degradation. Finally, the possible degradation pathways of CBZ were elaborated based on the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry results and Fukui index calculations, and the diminishing ecotoxicity of the accompanying degradation intermediate was evaluated using the toxicity estimation software tool. This study provides a new insight for advancing a comprehensive utilization of photothermal conversion and biochar-based PMS activators to organic wastewater purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]