Construction metaverse: Application framework and adoption barriers.

This paper addresses the limited research on the metaverse's application in the construction industry. It aims to investigate how the metaverse can empower construction, identify adoption barriers, and determine the most significant barriers. We propose a novel application framework of construction metaverse based on cyber-physical-social systems, identify 17 barriers using the political-economic-social-technological framework, and employ an expert survey and bi-objective optimization to rank the barriers. Results indicate that scalability, lack of policy incentives, and immature business models are the most critical barriers. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in the construction industry, helping to allocate resources effectively and drive metaverse development. The study's importance lies in its potential to guide successful metaverse integration in construction, leading to improved efficiency and innovation. This research inspires future work on specific metaverse applications in construction and interdisciplinary research to understand and overcome the identified barriers. • We propose a CPSS-based framework for construction metaverse. • We identify the barriers that hinder the construction metaverse application. • We evaluate critical levels of identified barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]