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Metagenomic landscape of sediments of river Ganga reveals microbial diversity, potential plastic and xenobiotic degradation enzymes.

Metagenomic landscape of sediments of river Ganga reveals microbial diversity, potential plastic and xenobiotic degradation enzymes.

Authors :
Rout, Ajaya Kumar
Dixit, Sangita
Tripathy, Partha Sarathi
Rout, Sushree Swati
Parida, Satya Narayan
Parida, Pranaya Kumar
Sarkar, Dhruba Jyoti
Kumar Das, Basanta
Singh, Ashok Kumar
Behera, Bijay Kumar
Source :
Journal of Hazardous Materials. Jun2024, Vol. 471, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

The Ganga is the largest river in India, serves as a lifeline for agriculture, drinking water, and religious rites. However, it became highly polluted due to the influx of industrial wastes and untreated sewages, leading to the decline of aquatic biodiversity. This study investigated the microbial diversity and plastic-xenobiotic degrading enzymes of six sediment metagenomes of river Ganga at Prayagraj (RDG, TSG, SDG) and Devprayag (KRG, BNG, BRG). The water quality parameters, higher values of BOD (1.8–3.7 ppm), COD (23–29.2 ppm) and organic carbon (0.18–0.51%) were recorded at Prayagraj. Comparative analysis of microbial community structure between Prayagraj and Devprayag revealed significant differences between Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, which emerging as the predominant bacterial phyla across six sediment samples. Notably, their prevalence was highest in the BRG samples. Furthermore, 25 OTUs at genus level were consistent across all six samples. Alpha diversity exhibited minimal variation among samples, while beta diversity indicated an inverse relationship between species richness and diversity. Co-occurrence network analysis established that genera from the same and different groups of phyla show positive co-relations with each other. Thirteen plastic degrading enzymes, including Laccase, Alkane-1 monooxygenase and Alkane monooxygenase, were identified from six sediment metagenomes of river Ganga, which can degrade non-biodegradable plastic viz. Polyethylene, Polystyrene and Low-density Polyethelene. Further, 18 xenobiotic degradation enzymes were identified for the degradation of Bisphenol, Xylene, Toluene, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Styrene, Atrazene and Dioxin etc. This is the first report on the identification of non-biodegradable plastic degrading enzymes from sediment metagenomes of river Ganga, India. The findings of this study would help in pollution abatement and sustainable management of riverine ecosystem. [Display omitted] • Metagenomic study of microbial communities in sediments of river Ganga stretches. • Highest concentrations of Mn, Fe, and Cr were observed in the polluted sites. • Bacteroidota and Chloroflexota were predominant in all sediment samples. • First report reveals the presence of 13 plastic & 18 xenobiotic degradation enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
03043894
Volume :
471
Database :
Academic Search Index
Journal :
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
177086919
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134377