Association between ascites Gustave Roussy immune score and the intratumoural microbiome in malignant ascites secondary to hepatocellular carcinoma.

• The role of intratumoural microbiome in the progression of malignant ascites secondary to HCC is still unknown. • Ascitis Gustave Roussy Immune (aGRIm) score shows superior prognostic significance to serum GRIm (sGRIm) score. • Significant bacterium in malignant ascites associated with the level of aGRIm score. • Significant immune cells in malignant ascites correlated with the level of aGRIm score. The Gustave Roussy Immune (GRIm) score predicts survival outcomes in several cancers. However, the prognostic significance of the GRIm score in patients with malignant ascites has not yet been investigated. Clinical samples were collected from a cohort of patients with malignant ascites secondary to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We calculated serum GRIm (sGRIm) and ascites GRIm (aGRIm) scores and divided the samples into low and high GRIm score groups. Survival analysis was used to compare the prognostic significance of the sGRIm and aGRIm scores. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to determine the profiles of the intratumoral microbiota in the groups. A fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) assay was used to detect the expression of different immune cells by labeling seven markers of malignant ascites. 155 patients with HCC and malignant ascites were enrolled in this study. Survival analysis revealed that the aGRIm score showed a superior prognostic significance compared to the sGRIm score. Microbial analysis demonstrated that the bacterial richness and diversity were higher in the low aGRIm score group than in the high aGRIm score group. LefSe analysis revealed that certain bacteria were correlated with high aGRIm scores. Fluorescent mIHC displayed the tumor microenvironment of malignant ascites and found that the density of CD8 + T cells was significantly higher in the low aGRIm score group than in the high aGRIm score group. Our present study identified a novel scoring system (aGRIm score) that can predict the survival outcome of patients with malignant ascites secondary to HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]