Relationship between arginine methylation and vascular calcification.

In patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), vascular calcification (VC) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the primary cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main component of VC in CKD is the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VC is an ordered, dynamic activity. Under the stresses of oxidative stress and calcium‐‑phosphorus imbalance, VSMCs undergo osteogenic phenotypic transdifferentiation, which promotes the formation of VC. In addition to traditional epigenetics like RNA and DNA control, post-translational modifications have been discovered to be involved in the regulation of VC in recent years. It has been reported that the process of osteoblast differentiation is impacted by catalytic histone or non-histone arginine methylation. Its function in the osteogenic process is comparable to that of VC. Thus, we propose that arginine methylation regulates VC via many signaling pathways, including as NF-B, WNT, AKT/PI3K, TGF-/BMP/SMAD, and IL-6/STAT3. It might also regulate the VC-related calcification regulatory factors, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Consequently, we propose that arginine methylation regulates the calcification of the arteries and outline the regulatory mechanisms involved. • Vascular calcification is regulated by many complex mechanisms. Post-translational modifications have been discovered to be involved in recent years. Arginine methylation transferase catalyzes histone and non-histone methylation, thereby regulating various biological processes. • In osteogenesis, a process akin to vascular calcification in chronic renal disease, PRMT plays a significant role. Additionally, the roles of oxidative stress, epigenetics, and signaling pathways, including PIP3/AKT, NF-κB, and WNT, have all been extensively discussed in relation to PRMT function, and each of these processes is directly related to vascular calcification. • This study is the first to investigate the link between vascular calcification and arginine methylation, providing a new direction for future research on the mechanism of vascular calcification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]