双子叶植物下胚轴和顶端弯钩发育及其对出苗的调控 机制.

Seedling emergence is a crucial stage in plant production as it greatly impacts or even determines the final yield. For dicotyledonous plants, the growth of the hypocotyl and the development of the apical hook play a significant role in seedling emergence. Hypocotyl growth and apical hook development are a continuously dynamic process and are important guarantees for seedling emergence. The elongation of the hypocotyls provides the necessary force for seedlings to penetrate the soil, while the apical hook protects the delicate apical meristems and cotyledons from the damages during the soil topping process. Focusing on the development of the hypocotyl and apical hook, this paper summarized the molecular mechanisms regulating hypocotyl elongation and thickening by arranging themselves through the cytoskeleton in dicotyledonous plants, as well as the growth mechanisms of cellular differentiation involved in apical hook formation, maintenance, and unfolding. This paper examined the synergistic effects and mechanisms of major environmental factors such as light and temperature, as well as plant endogenous hormones, on hypocotyl and apical hook development. Furthermore, the paper explored agricultural practices, including optimizing environmental factors through sowing methods and seedling thinning to enhance hypocotyl growth and apical hook development, which in turn improves seedling emergence rate and stand establishment rate. Lastly, the paper provided suggestions for further research on the molecular mechanisms regulating hypocotyl and apical hook development, along with insights into the adaptation mechanism of apical hook and hypocotyl development to adversity, as well as for achieving effective control of seedling emergence and stand establishment in dicotyledonous plants. This paper serves as a valuable reference for a deeper understanding of the seedling emergence mechanism in dicotyledonous plants and innovative plant seeding and seedling preservation techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]