Early detection of cancer cells using high-sensitivity dual-side polished photonic crystal fiber biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance.

Cancer, the world's second most common cause of death, has seen a recent surge in mortality. Harnessing biomarkers for diagnosis hold promise for early cancer detection and treatment. Biosensors, particularly using Surface-Plasmon-Resonance (SPR) technology for label-free detection, are key to this strategy. This research introduces an innovative biosensor concept based on SPR technology, recognized for its exceptional sensitivity in detecting cancer cells. The biosensor features a unique layer of Gold, with an enhanced hexagonal lattice design featuring air holes. Through advanced numerical simulations employing the Finite Element Model, refractive index (RI) changes related to malignancy were observed via wavelength and amplitude-based interrogation methods. Notably, the biosensor demonstrated a highest sensitivity measuring 7142.86 nm/RIU (nm per RIU) during spectral interrogation for MCF7 cells, along with a sensitivity of − 4220.99 per unit of RIU amplitude-based interrogation method for HeLa cells. Additionally, this biosensor achieved a significant resolution of 3.33 × 10–5 RIU for Basal cells. In summary, this study unveils a cutting-edge biosensor rooted in SPR technology, showcasing high sensitivity and efficacy in detecting cancer cells. Rigorous numerical analysis underscores its potential for early cancer detection and precise diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]