Osmanlı Devleti’nin Son Döneminde Avlonya’da Bitüm Üretimi.

Vlorë became one of Europe’s most important bitumen deposits in late Ottoman period. Vlorë bitumen has been used in many sectors, from road construction to pesticide production and chemical industry in and around Europe. Literature on Ottoman mining generally focused on ores such as iron, copper, chrome, lead, and coal. Though bitumen research has become essential in daily life after the Industrial Revolution, have been very limited in quantity and quality. This study aims to present data on the state of Vlorë bitumen deposits, operation procedures, and the importance of bitumen exploitation. This work examines bitumen production, refining, industrial solutions, marketing techniques, and innovative methods based on archival documents and newspapers. It also provides further information on using bitumen-based products in areas such as phylloxera control and road construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]