Enhancing plant biotechnology by nanoparticle delivery of nucleic acids.

Nanocarriers protect RNAs from enzymatic degradation after application onto plants for sustained protection against viruses and insects. Nanocarriers enabled controlled delivery of nucleic acids to plant cells, including slow and sustained release, subcellular organ targeting delivery, stimulated release, and endosome escape. The nanoparticle-mediated delivery system has high versatility, in terms of applicability to all plant species and the capacity to deliver alternative forms of nucleic acids and proteins. Plant biotechnology plays a crucial role in developing modern agriculture and plant science research. However, the delivery of exogenous genetic material into plants has been a long-standing obstacle. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems are being established to address this limitation and are proving to be a feasible, versatile, and efficient approach to facilitate the internalization of functional RNA and DNA by plants. The nanoparticle-based delivery systems can also be designed for subcellular delivery and controlled release of the biomolecular cargo. In this review, we provide a concise overview of the recent advances in nanocarriers for the delivery of biomolecules into plants, with a specific focus on applications to enhance RNA interference, foreign gene transfer, and genome editing in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]