Preliminary Experience with Virtual Monoenergetic Imaging and Iodine Mapping in the Primary Staging of Endometrial Cancer.

Simple Summary: This study investigates the efficacy of virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) and iodine mapping from dual-energy CT in the primary staging of endometrial malignancies. In 21 women with endometrioid adenocarcinoma, VMIs at 40 keV demonstrated superior tumor contrast and contrast-to-noise ratios, enhancing tumor conspicuity during primary staging. Meanwhile, color-coded iodine maps showed a significantly lower normalized iodine concentration in malignant tissue compared to a healthy myometrium. The study highlights the potential benefits of VMIs at 40 keV and iodine maps for improved visualization and assessment of endometrial adenocarcinoma during initial staging. This study investigated whether virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) and iodine mapping based on dual-energy CT (DECT) provide advantages in the assessment of endometrial cancer. A dual-source DECT was performed for primary staging of histologically proven endometrioid adenocarcinoma in 21 women (66.8 ± 12.0 years). In addition to iodine maps, VMIs at 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 keV were reconstructed from polyenergetic images (PEIs). Objective analysis comprised the measurement of tumor contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio, and normalized iodine concentration (NIC). In addition, three radiologists independently rated tumor conspicuity. The highest tumor contrast (106.6 ± 45.0 HU) and contrast-to-noise ratio (4.4 ± 2.0) was established for VMIs at 40 keV. Tumor contrast in all VMIs ≤ 60 keV was higher than in PEIs (p < 0.001). The NIC of malignant tissue measured in iodine maps was substantially lower compared with a healthy myometrium (0.3 ± 0.1 versus 0.6 ± 0.1 mg/mL; p < 0.001). Tumor conspicuity was highest in 40 keV datasets, whereas no difference was found among PEIs and VMIs at 60 and 70 keV (p ≥ 0.334). Interobserver agreement was good, indicated by an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.824 (0.772–0.876; p < 0.001). In conclusion, computation of VMIs at 40 keV and color-coded iodine maps aids the assessment of endometroid adenocarcinoma in primary staging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]