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Active Energy Meters Tested in Realistic Non-Sinusoidal Conditions Recorded on the Field and Reproduced in Laboratory †.
- Source :
-
Energies (19961073) . Mar2024, Vol. 17 Issue 6, p1403. 12p. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Metrological characterisation of static energy meters under realistic low power quality conditions is a basic requirement for proper grid control and fair energy billing. The paper reports about a new proposed methodology, where the meters are tested under conditions directly recorded at installation sites. The waveforms of voltages and currents are sampled using a portable instrument; they are reproduced in laboratory conditions with a phantom power generator, with a bandwidth covering up to the 40th harmonic. The recording site is a photovoltaic energy production facility, having a a nominal power of 50 kW, at the coupling section to the grid. These waveforms were then reproduced in the laboratory, and tested on different models of single- and three-phase commercial static energy meters; the models chosen represent both energy meters used by energy providers at the point of common-coupling, and also meters typically used for in-line monitoring by end users. The quantity of interest is the reading error of the measured energy, when tested with the conditions reproduced from the on-field measurements, in comparison with a reference meter. All tested energy meter models comply with the present international documentary standards, which require tests under low power quality conditions; nevertheless, there are models that show unacceptable errors (up to 25%) in the measurement of active energy when tested with the on-field recorded waveforms. This suggests that the standardised testing waveforms might, in some cases, be not fully representative of the actual conditions encountered in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19961073
- Volume :
- 17
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Energies (19961073)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 176303192
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061403