Pathogenic Bacteria in Free-Living Birds, and Its Public Health Significance.

Simple Summary: The avian population, occupying a diverse range of ecological niches and urban environments, serves as a crucial reservoir and sentinel for various pathogens. The role of birds in the transmission of infectious diseases is well established, and their ability to harbor a wide range of pathogens has been documented by numerous studies. As such, their surveillance and monitoring can provide valuable insights into the emergence and spread of bacterial diseases. Therefore, understanding the complex interactions between birds and their pathogens is of utmost importance in the field of public health and requires continued research and investigation. Birds that roam freely, particularly those that migrate, have the potential to carry a range of diseases that can be passed on to humans. The vast movement of these birds across diverse environments and urban areas can contribute to the spread of bacteria over long distances, impacting both human and animal populations. Stress, overcrowding, and human interaction can also play a role in the transmission of infectious diseases among birds and humans. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the intricate connections between birds, vectors, zoonotic pathogens, and the environment, especially given the increasing urbanization and emergence of zoonotic illnesses. This review aims to provide a systematic overview of the significance of avian species in transmitting bacterial pathogens that pose a risk to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]