Concept and behavior of a novel long-period isolation bearing with variable stiffness.

• •A novel isolation bearing with variable stiffness is proposed. • •Cyclic behavior of proposed bearing is investigated based on quasi-static test. • •A theoretical model is derived which can estimate cyclic behavior of bearing. • •Vibration mitigation of bearing are validated under multi-source traffic vibrations. To reduce the effect of train-induced vibration on the structure and improve the serviceability of structures, this study proposes a novel isolation bearing with a simple configuration and low cost, having a wide market prospect. Compared with bearing with constant stiffness, the novel bearing can achieve a broadband vibration isolation effect. Based on quasi-static tests, the behavior of the bearing is investigated, and the analytical hysteresis model of the bearing is derived and validated. Furthermore, comprehensive on-site assessments amidst multi-source traffic vibration scenarios are conducted to validate the vibration mitigation of the isolation bearing. The findings reveal that while at varying preloads and amplitudes, the hysteretic properties remain remarkably stable, except in the case of small amplitude cycles. The theoretical hysteresis model aligns closely with the test result, accurately capturing the cyclic behavior. The bearing significantly reduces the response of structures under multi-source transport vibrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]