Determination of Young's Modulus of PET Sheets from Lamb Wave Velocity Measurement.

Background: The elastic modulus of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets is typically measured through destructive tests that require specific sample preparation and time-consuming testing procedures. Objective: To improve the efficiency of measuring the elastic modulus of PET sheets, research on a non-destructive measurement approach using guided Lamb waves was conducted. Methods: In this approach, the group velocity of the zero-order symmetric Lamb wave mode (S0 mode) at a single frequency is first measured from PET sheets. The semi-analytical finite element method (SAFEM) is used as the forward model to calculate the corresponding numerical group velocity. Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is used to update the elastic modulus in the SAFEM model until the numerical group velocity from the model matches the experimental results. Results: The results show that measuring the group velocity data at a single frequency is sufficient for elastic modulus measurement while the material thickness can be assumed as a constant, which improves the efficiency of the measurement. The identified modulus differs from the tensile modulus of the material due to the frequency dependence of the elastic modulus. However, this discrepancy could be eliminated by using a linear regression model. Conclusions: The method mentioned above can achieve non-destructive and efficient measurement of the elastic modulus of PET sheets, which can potentially be applied for in-line quality inspection in PET bottle production processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]