A Modular Differential Power Processing Converter Design with Simplified Voltage Equalization for Photovoltaic Systems.

Partial shading in series-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems poses a significant challenge as it considerably restricts the system's output power and has a notable impact on the overall efficiency. Differential power processing (DPP) has emerged as a widely employed solution to mitigate this effect. However, implementing DPP architectures introduces challenges such as system cost, reliability, control implementation, and modularity. This research proposes a simplified voltage equalization (VE) algorithm, executed on a low-cost and modular DPP architecture using bi-directional flyback converters. Notably, under light and moderate partial shading conditions, the PV system's output power exhibits a significant increase compared to the traditional string configuration with bypass diodes. To further optimize the system performance, a methodology adapted to the VE algorithm is suggested, minimizing the processed power while increasing overall efficiency. The proposed solutions have undergone rigorous testing through simulations and experiments. The results validate that, under moderate shading conditions, the system efficiency reaches approximately 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]