A Critical Medico-Socio-Legal Analysis of Conversion Therapy in the Indian Subcontinent.

Conversion therapy is a set of practices that aim to alter an individual's sexual orientation or gender identity. This review aimed to explore the medico-socio-legal implications of conversion therapy in the context of the Indian subcontinent. Review of medical literature has shown that conversion therapy does not lead to changes in sexual orientation or gender identity. Conversion therapy caused significant medical harm to LGBTQ+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual. Transgender, Queer/Questioning, and spectrum) individuals. LGBTQ+ individuals who underwent conversion therapy were reportedly 4.6 and 3.1 times more likely to suffer from suicidality and depression, respectively, as compared to the general population. Sociocultural and religious factors further lead to the continued practice of conversion therapy and perpetuated the harms caused by the practice. Delays in adequate action by healthcare professional organizations and medical regulatory systems, as well as a lack of discussion among the public about conversion therapy and, more broadly, the experience of LGBTQ+ individuals, contributed to the continued practice of conversion therapy. A multidisciplinary, evidence-based policy framework is required to address the medical, social and legal issues surrounding conversion therapy in the Indian subcontinent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]