The Additional Value of Somatostatin Receptor Positron Emission Computed Tomography ([ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT) Compared with Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Head and Neck Region in Paraganglioma Patients: A Pilot Study.

Simple Summary: All patients suspected of having head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) of the head and neck area as the standard imaging according to the Dutch guidelines. However, a relatively new imaging modality, [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT, has shown promising results in the detection of HNPGLs. In this pilot study, we aimed to compare the results of this new modality with the standard imaging. We compared both techniques in 25 patients at the University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. Twenty-eight percent of the patients had different outcomes between both modalities. In all cases, additional HNPGLs were identified using the [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT, suggesting the need for further prospective research to validate this finding. If confirmed, this modality could potentially be implemented as the standard of care for HNPGL detection in germline variant carriers. The Dutch guideline for patients suspected of head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) recommends magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) of the head and neck area. Additionally, it suggests considering additional nuclear imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT compared to MRI in patients with suspected HNPGLs and carriers of genetic variations. Methods: In this single-center pilot study, retrospective data were obtained from consecutive patients between 2016 and 2023. Both MRI and [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT were performed within 12 months. The primary outcome was the location of HNPGLs. Results: A total of 25 consecutive patients were included, and 7 patients (28.0%, p = 0.5) showed differences between the imaging modalities, of whom 5 patients had unexpected localizations with additional uptake by somatostatin receptors (SSTR) on the [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT. Conclusions: The authors recommend performing baseline imaging with [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT (if available) in variant carriers and using MRI/CT for follow-up according to the regional protocol, thereby shifting the gold standard for baseline imaging from MRI/CT to [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]