GLARE deformation in low-restraint state: Tensile and bending behavior.

• The low-restraint GLARE is taken as a research object and its deformation characteristics and failure mode are studied using uniaxial tensile, bending experiments and numerical simulation in this paper. • Based on experimental observations, it is found that the low-restraint GLARE produces the phenomenon of interlayer slip, and the interlaminar residual stress is much smaller than the cured laminate, whereas the deformation limit and performance are improved. • The results of bending experiments revealed that the load variation of low-restraint laminate is significantly different from the cured laminate during bending. • The low-restraint GLARE does not obviously delaminate and fracture during bending due to the low interlayer residual stress and a certain degree of interlayer slipping, exhibiting a significant improvement in the bending forming limit. • This paper provides theoretical bases for the in-depth analysis of deformation properties and forming laws of low-restraint GLARE, guiding further applications of laminates. Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) possess a better weight reduction effect than traditional metal materials due to the coupling properties of heterogeneous materials, showing promise in the areas of aviation and aerospace. At present, the research on FMLs mainly focuses on the deformation properties after curing while the mechanical properties in the low-restraint state, i.e. the laminates are temporarily not cured and are formed under lower constraint stresses, are not studied in detail. Herein, the low-restraint GLARE is taken as a research object and its deformation characteristics and failure mode are studied using uniaxial tensile, bending experiments and numerical simulation in this paper. Moreover, the influence of key parameters, such as temperature, laminate structure and span length, is investigated, as well as the tensile and bending deformation behavior of GLARE in a low-restraint state is obtained. In addition, based on experimental observations, it is found that the low-restraint GLARE produces the phenomenon of interlayer slip, and the interlaminar residual stress is much smaller than the cured laminate, whereas the deformation limit and performance are improved. This paper provides theoretical bases for the in-depth analysis of deformation properties and forming laws of low-restraint GLARE, guiding further applications of laminates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]