Effects of Nipa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) Vinegar on Biochemical Parameters of Type 2 Diabetes Rat Model.

Introduction: Nipa palm vinegar had shown promising blood glucose lowering effects in type 1 diabetes rat model. Thus, this study is designed to further explore the possible antihyperglycemic effect of nipa palm vinegar in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Nipa palm vinegar's aqueous extract was prepared using liquid-liquid extraction. Type 2 diabetes model was induced in Sprague Dawley rats using a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin (30 mg/kg body weight). The diabetic rats were treated with three doses of aqueous extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. Analysis of glucose, insulin, incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP), liver enzymes (AST and ALT), DPP4, and lipid profiles (TC, HDL, TG, and LDL) were carried out. Results: Single administration of the extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels respectively at the dose of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg as compared to the negative control at p<0.05. After 28 days of treatment, there were significant differences between the 1000 mg/kg dose and the diabetic group at p<0.05 in decreasing the blood glucose and cholesterol levels. A significant (p<0.05) increase in the insulin level was observed in the groups treated with NPV at the doses of 1000 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg. In addition, the dose of 250 mg/kg lowered lipid content (TG and LDL) and the level of ALT enzyme in the liver. Conclusion: The overall study result has demonstrated the potential of nipa vinegar aqueous extract in normalizing biochemical parameters related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]