黄花烟传入中国问题再研究.

The introduction of tobacco has always been the focus of tobacco history research, but the previous studies have mainly focused on Nicotiana tabacum, and there were obvious deficiencies in the study of Nicotiana rustica. In fact, Nicotiana rustica was also an important part of tobacco species for human planting and use, its introduction had a profound impact on the society of that time and even later generations. Based on the collection and arrangement of the annals and anthology, this paper shows that the Nicotiana rustica had already been introduced in the period Emperor Chongzhen’s reign, no later than the period of Emperor Kangxi’s reign. It was introduced into China mainly through smuggling, normal trade and the diplomatic envoys’ spread. Central Asian merchants, Russian private merchants and diplomatic envoys, and the tribes of Mongolian all played an active role in varying degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]