Os sistemas agroflorestais como alternativa para uma agricultura sustentável no entorno de unidades de conservação.

It is well known that soil degradation as a result of the conventional production model, which is predatory, leads to a reduction in biodiversity and in some cases, even the destruction of the ecosystem itself. In this context, agroforestry systems -- SAF emerge as an alternative to agricultural and livestock productivity with low negative impact on the ecosystem. The general objective of this study is to map the buffer zone of the Três Picos State Park -- RJ, referring to the municipality of Cachoeiras de Macacu--RJ, with a view to suggesting SAF categories suitable for the region. As specific objectives, identify local agricultural production; locate potential properties for SAF suggestion and indicate the most appropriate SAF category. To identify the local productive profile, a bibliographical survey was carried out in the databases of the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company of Rio de Janeiro -- EMATER--Rio -- Systematic Monitoring of Agricultural Production -- ASPA of the year 2020, as well as in the database data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics -- IBGE. To identify which SAF category would be the most appropriate, a diversity matrix was created, the final product of which is a mathematical reason that defines which category will be indicated. To locate potential properties for implementation/implementation of SAF, a supervised classification was generated separating the three categories of SAF, agroforestry, silviagricultural and silvopastoral. In this third and final methodological stage, the following were used: the Rural Environmental Registry -- CAR network; the Explorer Google Earth software and the GIS Quantum GIS. It is worth remembering that the local production tradition was respected. As results, the agricultural productive tradition of Psidium guajava (guava) with 30.62; from Solanum aethiopicum gr. Gilo (jiló) with 22.52 and Solanum melongena (eggplant) with 18.68 tons/year. In relation to livestock production, the cattle herd stands out, with 29,478; chickens, with 28,000; and horses, with 3,103 animals, respectively. The region is able to receive the three categories of SAF: silviagricultural, silvopastoral and agroforestry, as well as simple or biodiverse types. Areas with potential for silvopastoral SAF predominate with 47.61%, followed by silviagricultural areas with 38.96% and in third place appear agrosivipastoral areas with 13.41%. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a great possibility of recovering this part of the buffer zone using agroforestry systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]