Investigation of the mucin-nanoparticle interactions via real-time monitoring by microbalance and kinetic model simulation.

[Display omitted] Interactions between nanoparticles and the mucus layer are crucial to understand the behaviours in biological environments and design drug delivery systems. In this study, we developed a kinetic deposition model for the dynamic mucin-nanoparticle interactions using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). We investigated the effects of the physiochemical properties of several nanoparticles (including size, charge, and shape) and the physiological conditions on the mucin-nanoparticle interaction. Interestingly, layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles showed stronger interactions with the mucus layer compared to other types of nanoparticles due to their unique plate-like morphology. In specific for sheet-like LDH nanoparticles, our model found that their equilibrium adsorption capacity (Q e) followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the adsorption rate (k 1) increased proportionally with the nanoparticle concentration. In addition, the particle size and thickness affected Q e and the surface coverage. Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) coating dramatically increased k 1 of LDH nanoparticles. We proposed a novel mechanism to elucidate mucin-nanoparticle interactions, shedding light on the synergistic roles of drag force (F d), repulsive force (F r), and adsorptive force (F a). These findings offer valuable insights into the complex mucin-nanoparticle interactions and provide guidance for the design of drug delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]