Reinforcement of epoxy resin into pine sap to enhance adhesive and physical property of biocomposites material: A review.

In the modern era, plastic is non-biodegradable and thus contributes to pollution, the utilization of it has increased drastically. Bio composite materials are described as the combination of two different natural fibers with natural fillers. It's biodegradable nature which is a crucial attribute to limit the usage of plastics. The present review work focused on discussing different natural fiber derived from agricultural waste for instance, from the fibrous mesocarp of coconut fruit, coir is a strong, stiff lignocellulosic fiber that is biodegradable. Coir produces natural fiber that is environmentally favorable and due to its high lignin concentration, coir fibers provide a special combination of toughness, waterproofness, and weather resistance. However, sugarcane bagasse then it constitutes very high cellulose content, a high yield, and a significant annual regeneration capacity. It is biodegradable, inexpensive, lightweight, and strong in a certain way, recyclable, hydrophilic, and highly branched. Sugarcane bagasse was utilized as the experimental material, and it was chemically altered using NaOH pellets, potassium permanganate, phosphoric acid, and oxalic acid, which was later followed by a step-by-step treatment that included alkali, permanganate, and phosphoric acid in order to improve the interfacial adhesion with epoxy resin. A type of reactive polymer with epoxide through epoxy, it belongs to the member of thermosetting polymers family. Epoxy has strong adhesive properties and is extremely durable, making it suitable for use as a reinforcement material for metals, glass, and wood. Because sugarcane bagasse is a naturally occurring bio composite material, and tends to clump during processing, this lowers its resistance to moisture and produces worse fiber dispersion in the matrix, potentially reducing its value as reinforcement. The alkaline treatment is the most practical and ideal solution to this issue. When sugar cane bagasse was modified utilizing alkaline, permanganate, and phosphoric treatments, along with epoxy as a resin, it was discovered that the toughness, resistance to moisture, resistance to chemical assaults, and strength had all significantly increased. Following alkali treatment, the epoxy-reinforced resin's elasticity modulus, tensile strength, and mechanical characteristics all improved. Numerous researches have also demonstrated that mixing sugarcane bagasse and pine sap will be environmentally friendly because both materials are derived from renewable resources. Pine sap is a delicate substance, but when combined with other biocomposites materials, it becomes more resilient to impacts and has greater mechanical and tensile strength. Being hydrophobic and soluble in non-polar or neural solvents like ethyl ether and hexane is a crucial feature of pine sap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]