On 3D printed PVDF composite matrix for smart battery applications.

In the past one-decade 3D printing has been widely explored for the fabrication of energy storage devices (ESD) like batteries, capacitors, etc. Some studies have been reported on the use of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite for smart battery applications through the melt processing route. But hitherto little has been reported on the charge capacity of PVDF composite matrix reinforced with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and different chemicals/salts namely graphite, ZnCl2, and NH4Cl. This study highlights the charge capacity in terms of resistance offered by the 60%PVDF+40% LDPE (X) matrix reinforced with graphite, ZnCl2, and NH4Cl(in different weight proportions using melt processing route). The composite filaments were extruded using a twin-screw extruder (TSE) by considering the (screw temperature (T), screw speed (S), and load (L) on screws) as the input parameters. The results of the study suggest that 50% graphite, 50% ZnCl2, and 30% NH4Cl is suitable for minimizing the resistance and getting the best charge flow. Further, the results of mechanical, and morphological properties for different PVDF composites have been supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]