A Review on Supporting Roles of Phytochemicals and Advances in Their Nanoformulations for Lung Diseases.

Phytochemicals have shown potentials in preventing and treating various lung diseases, including asthma and lung cancer. However, their use has been hampered by limitations such as poor water solubility and instability. Nanoformulations, which include organic nanoparticles (e.g. liposomes) and inorganic nanoparticles (e.g. gold/silver nanoparticles) have potential to enhance drug solubility and subsequently increase their absorption and bioavailability. These drug formulations can be administered via various routes such as oral, intravenous, and pulmonary. This review highlights the potential of some phytochemicals in managing lung diseases and discusses the mechanism of actions of these phytochemicals and the impact of using the nanoformulations to deliver phytochemicals, particularly through pulmonary route. While pre-clinical studies have shown promising therapeutic activities of phytochemicals-loaded nanoformulations, further research is required. In conclusion, the application of phytochemicals and nanoformulations as drug delivery systems could be a promising approach to facilitate optimal therapy for lung diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]