Simultaneous synthesis and application of TiO2 nanoparticles using mulberry leaves for functionalization of organic cotton fabric.

Herein we report synthesis and multifunctional properties of in-situ-synthesized TiO 2 nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) applied to organic weaved cotton fabric. The TiO 2 NPs, synthesized through a green and sustainable process by using mulberry leaves as a green precursor, were characterized to ensure their stability and efficacy for textile applications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the morphological changes on the fabric's surface after TiO 2 NP treatment, confirming the presence of nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the anatase crystalline phase of the TiO 2 NPs, with an average crystallite size of 28.34 nm. Zeta potential measurements indicated the stability of the TiO 2 NPs, with a highly negative value of −18.2 mV, suggesting even coating by plant phytochemicals. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy further validated the chemical interactions between TiO 2 NPs and the fabric. The TiO 2 NP-treated fabric displayed excellent color properties, UV protection (UPF 195.68 ± 11.44), and antibacterial activity, albeit less potent than commercial antibiotics. The colorfastness results demonstrated resistance to washing, rubbing, and light exposure, meeting industry standards. Hence, the eco-friendly synthesis of TiO 2 NPs using mulberry leaves as a green precursor demonstrates a sustainable approach to enhance the multifunctional properties of organic cotton fabric, presenting a promising avenue for the development of environmentally conscious textiles with improved coloration, UV protection, and antibacterial features, thereby contributing to the advancement of sustainable materials in diverse applications. • TiO 2 nanoparticles were synthesized using mulberry leaves extractions. • TiO 2 nanoparticles characterized for stability, efficacy in textiles application. • Functionalized fabric offers coloration, UV protection, & antibacterial properties. • Colorfastness meets industry standards against washing, rubbing, and light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]