The case for listing Mountain Ash forests in the Central Highlands of Victoria as a Threatened Ecological Community.

Context: Thousands of species have been recognised as being at risk of extinction in formal listing processes such as those under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Less common is the recognition that some ecological communities are also at risk and for them to be formally listed. Under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC Act) in Australia ~100 communities have been recognised as threatened. This number is likely an underestimate as many ecological communities lack available robust long-term data to facilitate assessment. Aims and methods: Using insights from a range of research studies and long-term monitoring in the Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria, we examine evidence for its listing as a Threatened Ecological Community. Key results: The structure and composition of the Mountain Ash ecological community and the key ecological processes that underpin its integrity have been radically altered in the past century. The community is extensively degraded, heavily fragmented, and suffering substantial biodiversity loss. It should be listed as a Threatened Ecological Community under the EPBC Act. Conclusions and implications: Insights from long-term ecological monitoring and other studies provide a strong case for listing the Mountain Ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria as a Threatened Ecological Community. The community meets four of the six criteria for listing as a threatened ecological community. Under those four criteria, the Mountain Ash forest community should be listed as either Endangered or Critically Endangered. We provide evidence that the Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) community in the Central Highlands of Victoria, Australia, is extensively degraded, heavily fragmented, suffering widespread biodiversity loss, and at high risk of ecological collapse. Hence, we recommend they should be listed as a Threatened Ecological Community under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act Act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]