Output performance improvement for thermoelectric transistor with the consideration of the Thomson effect and geometry optimization.

Despite significant attention paid to thermoelectric generators in the energy conversion field, their limited output performance has restricted their large-scale applications. Therefore, there is a pressing need to conceive a novel thermoelectric device concept that can strengthen their competitiveness. In this context, the concept and principle of thermoelectric (TE) transistor with ultrahigh performance is a demand-driven innovation. Built on the foundation of a PNP structure, TE transistor only relies on the Seebeck voltage to operate normally. This work employs P-type Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 and N-type Bi 2 Te 2.97 Se 0.03 as the component materials. By considering the conduction heat, Joule heat, Thomson heat, and temperature-dependent material properties, a one-dimensional heat transfer model was used to obtain the nonlinear temperature profile inside TE transistor. Further, the structure and operation conditions of TE transistor with varying geometric dimensions were determined based on the hole concentration distribution and build-in voltage variation. Finally, the optimal concentrations and geometric dimensions of TE transistor were obtained using a compromise method. The calculation results reveal that TE transistor can achieve an optimal output power of 133.7 mW under a temperature difference of 50 K (T h = 353 K, T c = 303 K) with the corresponding conversion efficiency of 7.73%. This work provides theoretical guidance for future experimental validation of TE transistor. • A feasible and comprehensive theoretical design for thermoelectric (TE) transistor is developed. • The non-linear temperature profile inside TE transistor is determined based on the heat conduction analysis. • Influence of the Thomson effect on TE transistor output performance is analyzed. • Output power of TE transistor is improved greatly by the geometry optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]