Exploring the relationship among positive change order negative change order and influence the type and price of construction of Iraqi buildings.

The overall goal of this work was to determine the relationship between percentage (Change Order +) (CH+) (which causes an increase in the contract price) and (Change Order -) (CH-) (Which causes a surplus in the contract price) from a cost point of view. On the other hand, investigate the influence of the change order on the type and price of the project. Survey data were collected from government institutions that implement building projects. This study collected data from 23 projects (University, school, health, and industrial), in which prices amounted to (0.880-65.000) billion Iraqi dinars. To investigate this statistically, the descriptive statistics and (Superman correlation, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis) tests were used to determine the significance of the data. Our results demonstrated a strong positive correlation (0.865) between (CH+) and (CH-). Nevertheless, the different types and prices of project buildings (University, school, health, and industrial) do not affect the occurrence of a change (CH+), (CH-). From these results, it is clear that (CH+) is the most significant amount of (CH-) because reserve (10%) according to the terms of the contract. This paper recommends that the government sector use effective change management to decrease the cost impact and reduce corruption and suspicion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]