Dynamic analysis of pine wilt disease model with memory diffusion and nonlocal effect.

Pine wilt disease is one of the most serious forest pest and disease in China, which seriously influences the realization of the dual carbon goal. In this paper, considering susceptible longhorns and infected longhorns, we study a delayed reaction–diffusion pine wilt disease model both with memory diffusion and nonlocal effect. We analyze the dynamic properties for with and without memory diffusion and nonlocal effect, respectively. Especially, for this model, we find that memory diffusion plays a leading role in spatial dynamics. Memory diffusion can induce spatially inhomogeneous periodic solutions and steady-state solutions. Nonlocal effect mainly affects the amplitude and period of spatially inhomogeneous periodic solutions of the system. In addition, we give some biological explanations for the different phenomena in this paper. • Diffusive PWD model with memory diffusion and nonlocal effect is proposed. • Dynamics of the system with and without memory diffusion and nonlocal effect are compared. • Memory diffusion can induce spatially inhomogeneous periodic and steady-state solutions. • Nonlocal effect has impact on the amplitude and period of spatially inhomogeneous periodic solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]