Control de fitopatógenos con extractos de biomasa de chile y de maíz.

Mexico is one of the main producers of pepper and maize worldwide. Activity from which significant amounts of biomass and agricultural by-products originate must be valued to mitigate damage to the environment and generate added value. This study aimed to value the agricultural biomass of chili and maize, to obtain phytochemicals with antibacterial and antifungal capacity against phytopathogens of economic importance for agriculture, using extraction methodologies based on green chemistry. For the extraction of phytochemicals, two types of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) were used, and a lactic fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum. The extracts were evaluated in vitro and in vivo against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Xanthomonas vesicatoria, Ralstonia solanacearum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. licopersici, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani. The in vitro results showed that the extracts obtained with the DES were effective against bacteria, unlike the in vivo tests that inhibited the growth of fungi. The potential of biomass extracts against phytopathogenic microorganisms suggests its usefulness as an agricultural biocontrol tool, by ensuring sustainability with the use of DES that, in addition to being efficient, biodegradable, and innocuous, achieved the extraction of antimicrobial phytochemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]