Studies on energy efficient techniques for agricultural monitoring by wireless sensor networks.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are pivotal for real-time monitoring in diverse sectors through the Internet of Things (IoT). However, current wireless communication protocols face challenges in integrating Precision Agriculture (PA) management systems with Artificial Intelligence (AI). PA optimizes nutrient supply and pesticide use, enhancing crop yield and product quality. Despite these advantages, structural changes in WSNs, including deployment, coverage, scalability, and energy consumption, hinder their potential. This paper conducts a comparative study of WSNs in agriculture, focusing on wireless protocols, energy harvesting, and efficiency procedures. The research delves into challenges faced by WSNs in agriculture, emphasizing the need for power-saving agricultural management strategies to ensure sustained, effective long-term monitoring. The study addresses integration issues, explores agricultural benefits, and proposes solutions to enhance WSN performance in dynamic field environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]