An improved bald eagle search optimization algorithm for optimal home energy management systems.

In this study, an improved bald eagle search optimization algorithm (IBES) is utilized to develop home energy management systems for smart homes. This research is crucial for energy field researchers who are interested in optimizing energy consumption. The primary objective is to optimally manage load demand, reduce the average peak ratio, lower electricity bills, and enhance user comfort. To accomplish this goal, the load conversion strategy is used to coordinate household appliances and manage the home power system effectively. This approach aims to minimize peak–average ratios and electricity costs while ensuring consumer convenience. To minimize electricity bills, the study schedules the consumer's daily activities based on actual time and next day's energy demand. Furthermore, a fitness criterion is used to balance the load between off-peak and on-peak hours. The scheduler is designed to achieve an optimal device on/off state that minimizes device waiting time by coordinating household appliances in real time. To address the background problem of real-time rescheduling, dynamic programming is employed. The study evaluates the modified algorithm's performance using three pricing strategies: critical peak pricing, real-time pricing, and time of use. The modified IBES technique is utilized to achieve the specified objectives of minimizing the electricity bill, reducing the peak–average ratio, and enhancing user convenience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]