Approximating heat loss in smart buildings through large scale experimental and computational intelligence solutions.

The attainment of energy sustainability in the building sector can be realised by implementing a green building programme, which has grown significantly over the last thirty years. Green building is considered a technical and management strategy within the building and construction industries. Many different prediction methods, both complex and simple, have been put out in recent years and used to solve a wide variety of issues. Several case studies have highlighted factors that impede energy and resource usage in green buildings. The utilisation, trends, and consequences of wall and thermal insulation materials are examined. The main scope of this investigation is to predict buildings' heat loss by applying artificial neural networks according to the heat transfer coefficients of walls and coating materials, as well as indoor, outdoor, and external surface temperatures. The data has been normalised and presented to two selected neural networks (Harmony search (HS) and particle swarm optimisation are used and contrasted (PSO)). For evaluating the accuracy of models, two statistical indexes are used (R² and RMSE). Model performance of PSO-MLP is shown by R² amounts of 0.97055 and 0.87381, respectively, and RMSE amounts of 0.02534 and 0.09685. Similarly, HS-MLP model accuracy is also indicated by R² amounts of 0.93839 and 0.84176 and RMSE amounts of 0.03635 and 0.10753. The analysis in this paper shows that PSO-MLP predicts heat loss with higher accuracy and improved performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]