Synthesis and properties of low viscosity robust biobased benzoxazine resin.

The preparation of biobased benzoxazine resin with low melting point and low curing temperature has important significance for environmental sustainable development and practical application in industrial field. In this paper, biobased benzoxazine monomer HA-fa was synthesized from p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, paraformaldehyde and furfurylamine, and H-fa were prepared by Mannich reaction of hordenine with paraformaldehyde and furfurylamine. The two benzoxazine organic molecules showed different thermodynamic behaviors. HA-fa and H-fa were liquid at room temperature. The viscosity of HA-fa and H-fa at room temperature (25 °C) were 1.683 Pa/s and 0.602 Pa/s, and the curing peak temperature was 220 °C and 208 °C, respectively, both organic molecules showed excellent processability. Then poly(HA-fa) and poly(H-fa) were prepared by two organic molecules through thermal curing procedure. The comprehensive properties of two benzoxazine resins were investigated. The glass transition temperature (T g) of poly(H-fa) is 223 °C, while the T g of poly(HA-fa) has two peak temperatures, 225 °C and 281 °C, respectively. This may be due to the existence of two different crosslinking networks in the resin, which leads to the phase separation of the resin, thus reflecting two T g. Meanwhile, the initial thermal decomposition temperatures T di of poly(HA-fa) and poly(H-fa) were 330 °C and 331 °C, respectively, showing excellent thermal stability of the newly prepared resin. In addition, poly(HA-fa) and poly(H-fa) have both high storage modulus (3174 MPa and 2608 MPa, respectively, measured at 25 °C) and good flexural strength (121 ± 2.7 MPa and 96 ± 3.6 MPa). Among the two resins, poly(HA-fa) showed more excellent comprehensive properties, which may be based on the joint action of resin multi-crosslinking sites and hydrogen bond crosslinking network. Two benzoxazine monomers have low viscosity at room temperature, they also have low curing temperature, both monomers showed excellent processability. [Display omitted] • Two benzoxazine monomers have low viscosity at room temperature, both monomers showed excellent processability. • Results demonstrate that poly(HA-fa) and poly(H-fa) showed excellent comprehensive properties. • The nature behind these attractive performances of poly(HA-fa) and poly(H-fa) was intensively investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]