Food plant biodiversity and conservation of upland landscape in Indonesia for sustainable development: A review.

The agricultural practice in upland landscape area throughout Indonesia provide examples of complex socio-ecological systems experiencing rapid socio-economic and environmental transformations in response to sustainable development challenges. There is a close relationship between agriculture productivity, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable landscape management. This paper examines the biodiversity and conservation of food plants for food security toward sustainable development in the uplands of Indonesia. A desk study with descriptive qualitative was implemented in this paper. The data were collected from secondary sources and thus analyzed through understanding and synthesizing the literature. We review the studies between 2007-2022, agriculture commodities were the dominant food plants found in the farmland and home garden in Sumatra, Java, Sumbawa, and Papua, for subsistence and commercial purpose, especially for horticulture commodities. The results showed that there is a challenge today in how to push agricultural systems so as to promote an agroecosystem, and it is clear that sustainable agriculture both promotes and is enhanced by food plant biodiversity. In order to reduce environmental trade-offs and social and institutional tensions, economic expansion and conservation agendas in the upland should be matched. It is expected that protecting food plants in upland areas will promote sustainable growth and ensure community food security. The biodiversity conservation of food plants can be implemented through sustainable landscape management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]