Fine‐root traits are devoted to the allocation of foliar phosphorus fractions of desert species under water and phosphorus‐poor environments.

Traits of leaves and fine roots are expected to predict the responses and adaptation of plants to their environments. Whether and how fine‐root traits (FRTs) are associated with the allocation of foliar phosphorus (P) fractions of desert species in water‐ and P‐poor environments, however, remains unclear. We exposed seedlings of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (hereafter Alhagi) treated with two water and four P‐supply levels for three years in open‐air pot experiments and measured the concentrations of foliar P fractions, foliar traits, and FRTs. The allocation proportion of foliar nucleic acid‐P and acid phosphatase (APase) activity of fine roots were significantly higher by 45.94 and 53.3% in drought and no‐P treatments relative to well‐watered and high‐P treatments, whereas foliar metabolic‐P and structural‐P were significantly lower by 3.70 and 5.26%. Allocation proportions of foliar structural‐P and residual‐P were positively correlated with fine‐root P (FRP) concentration, but nucleic acid‐P concentration was negatively correlated with FRP concentration. A tradeoff was found between the allocation proportion to all foliar P fractions relative to the FRP concentration, fine‐root APase activity, and amounts of carboxylates, followed by fine‐root morphological traits. The requirement for a link between the aboveground and underground tissues of Alhagi was generally higher in the drought than the well‐watered treatment. Altering FRTs and the allocation of P to foliar nucleic acid‐P were two coupled strategies of Alhagi under conditions of drought and/or low‐P. These results advance our understanding of the strategies for allocating foliar P by mediating FRTs in drought and P‐poor environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]