The assessment of surface and groundwater qualities at Kut governerate.

To The qualities of groundwater are just as crucial to understand as their quantity. For drinking in the outdoors and in rural regions, groundwater is an essential natural resource. The risk of pollution to aquifers around the world has increased as a result of urbanization, industrialization, agricultural activity, mining operations, and other factors. samples were taken in the study area from points dug for monitoring wells for the movement of groundwater in the area. The locations of the drilling points were determined to cover the entire area, and their location was taken into consideration with the rivers adjacent to the study area. Physical and chemical tests were conducted for water samples and samples from surface waters of the Tigris River, Gharf, and Dujaili River in the study area, which included (turbidity, PH, TDS, salinity, EC, chloride content, sulfate content) to give a consider the quality of the regarching boundaries of groundwater in the study area, the results of laboratory tests for water samples showed the lowest value for turbidity in the Dujaili River, 47 NTU, and the highest value was in w1 and equal to 500 NTU. The total dissolved solids in water ranged between (1300-6800) ppm, and the PH values ranged between (8.55_9.55) and the salinity of the water samples ranged between (1210_ 7500) ppm and the electrical conductivity results of the water samples ranged between (1823_15400) (μc/cm). The values of chloride content in the water for the study area ranged between (10.63_85.1) mg/l, while the values of sulfate results in water samples for the study area ranged between (482_707.5) mg/l. After comparing the obtained results with international standards, concludes that the groundwater in the study area is turbid, highly saline, and excessively mineralized. The results of the concentration of chlorides in the water samples for the study area indicate that the water is Not safe for drinking, but safe for other uses when compared to what was determined by the World Health Organization, but the sulfate concentration is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]