Optimisation of klystron operational efficiency at ESS.

The power required by each cavity of the ESS superconducting linac varies along the length of the accelerator, which results in a wide range of power levels to be provided by the RF power sources. For the medium and high beta sections of the linac, the selected power sources are klystrons with a nominal maximum output power of 1.5 MW. Operating these klystrons as efficiently as possible is among the goals of the ESS objectives to approach a carbon-neutral facility, but the ESS power profile presents specific challenges. This paper will discuss some of the solutions that will be implemented to increase the operational efficiency of the RF systems, focusing on klystron operation. • Energy efficiency is crucial for operating large particle accelerators. • Energy savings can be achieved by focusing on efficient operation of the klystrons, by optimizing output match and focusing. • The proposed optimization does not require large investment upfront and can also lead to increased klystron lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]